Synopsis:

The book provides the electrical engineer with an overview of methods to calculate electrical load demand for residential, commercial, and industrial applications which is necessary to determine the size of electrical supply and transformer sizing. These are presented utilising relevant industry, municipal, regulatory, SANS and international standards.

The book is presented in a Q&A format for ease of understanding and application.

The full list of topics covered are reflected in the table of contents. A snippet of a section of the book is also included.

 

Table of Contents

1. List of figures. iv
2. List of tables. iv

iii.          SI units basic. v

1. Derived units. v
2. Accepted non-SI units. vi
3. Electrical formulas. vi

vii.         Standard electrical unit of measure. vii

viii.        Multiples and sub multiples. viii

1. Residential load estimation. 1
2. Residential load estimate based on ampere per house. 4
3. Residential load estimation utilising Municipality parameters. 4
4. Load estimates per floor on a block of flats. 4
5. Load estimation per floor of a block of flats. 5
6. Load estimation of a building based on the functional area. 6
7. Load estimation of a building based on the functional area with simultaneity factor. 8
8. Load estimation by space method. 10
9. Load estimation based on building type. 11
10. Load estimation for a commercial/industrial development. 11
11. Demand factor. 12
12. Simultaneity factor. 14
13. Load factor. 15
14. Utilisation factor, .. 16
15. Coincidence factor. 16
16. Maximum demand. 17
17. Load estimation on shopping complex. 20
18. Load estimation at distribution boards of a building. 21
19. Load estimation flow chart: Offices. 23
20. Load estimation flow chart: Housing. 28
21. Load estimation flow chart: Industry plant. 31
22. Lighting load demand for buildings. 35
23. Power load demand for buildings. 36
24. ADMD for residential applications. 37
25. Load demand for healthcare. 37
26. Load combination for buildings. 37
27. Air-conditioning demand. 37

 

       i.List of figures

Figure 1: Residential flat housing unit. 1

Figure 2: Block of residential flats. 5

Figure 3: Transformer network topography 1. 17

Figure 4: Transformer network topography 2. 19

Figure 5: Low voltage network schematic model without loading factors. 21

Figure 6: Low voltage network schematic with load factors and demand. 22

 

     ii.List of tables

Table 1: Residential load demand comparison based on different standards. 3

Table 2: Building area basic load estimation. 7

Table 3: Building area load estimation with simultaneity factor. 9

Table 4: Load estimation by space method. 11

Table 5:Load estimation based on building type. 11

Table 6: Load estimation for commercial/industrial development. 12

Table 7: Summary of load demand. 13

Table 8: Rated ks factor for distribution boards (cf IEC61439-2 table 101. 14

Table 9: Load estimation – office block. 23

Table 10: Load estimation office block – flow chart 1. 24

Table 11: Load estimation flow office block – flow chart 2. 26

Table 12: Load estimation – housing. 28

Table 13: Load estimation housing – flow chart 1. 29

Table 14: Load estimation – Industry plant. 31

Table 15: Load estimation industry plant – flow chart 1. 32

Table 16: Load estimation industry plant – flow chart 2. 34